The following may contain some slight spoilers.

Tosylate
Tosylate is the Chemist equivalent of Luna. In case you were wondering, what on earth Tosylate means, Tosylate is an aromatic chemical (i.e., it has a benzene ring...if you're not a chemist, think a hexagonal doughnut). Shortened, it's called OTs. I picked this as the cat's name because I just liked the sound of it...don't you? She's a lot like Luna is in that she always watches out for Serine.

Toluene
Toluene is another hexagonal doughnut-type of compound. It is also quite toxic. Again, I find it cute, so I named Artemis' counterpart after it. Toluene, the chemical, is indeed an aromatic compound. It can either stink or smell so darn sweet, depending on how you look--er--sniff at things.

Serine Jones
Serine is Sailor Chem (duh), and later on, it will be revealed that she's the princess they've all been looking for (gee, this sounds familiar...) The Jones thing doesn't mean anything. But Serine comes awfully close to Serenity or Serena. Aside from that, Serine is one of the twenty basic amino acids. Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins. Usagi is from the Silver Millenium, and Serine is from the Protein Millenium--get it? To transform, she uses the benzene brooch (again, benzene is the mother of all hexagonal doughnuts) and she yells out Cobalt Ion Pink Lip Gloss, Make-up! Cobaltous ion is a very pretty pink in solution, like lip gloss, okay? And her attacks are Potassium Tiara Action (Moon Tiara Action/Magic), Hydrochloric Acid Spiral (Moon Spiral Heart Attack), and Mercapthoethanol Fumes Inhalation (Moon Princess Halation). Despite these "similarities" Serine's attacks are actually shockingly brutal. Potassium plus water undergoes a very violent and often explosive reaction (that's why Serine always throws water at the enemy first), hydrochloric acid when concentrated is VERY painful stuff, and mercaptoethanol is the same stuff that gives skunks a bad rep. As the princess of the Protein Millenium, she possesses the Holy Silver Precipitate. In case you didn't know, crystals are a kind of precipitate. Sailor Chem, by the way, is the Senshi of General Chemistry.

Emily Coldwater
No, I am not stretching things here, some people ARE named Coldwater! This one is pretty obvious. She's Sailor Emi, and she's the most intelligent of the lot. Bingo! You got it! Emi = Ami Mizuno, Senshi of Ice and Friend of Water...and what is ice but extremely cold water? (See how easy it is?) Like the remaining Senshi, her henshin wand is a test tube brush and she hollers Phenolphthalein Purple Nail Polish, Make-up! Phenolphthalein is an indicator that turns violet in basic solutions. It's not exactly purple, but it's close enough. Well, it's the subject of numerous laboratory disputes, actually. The endpoint when titrating with phenolphthalein indicator is supposed to be a very, very faint pink but occasionally, someone overtitrates and you'll hear yells of, "No! Look what you did, it's PURPLE!" echo in the lab.
"No, it's not purple!"
"Yes it is!"
"No, it's not. It's fuchsia pink!"
"Cherry red, I tell you!!!"
She's the Senshi of Analytical Chem (since she loves to analyze things so darn much) and her introductory speech often sounds something like "In the name of Analytical Chemistry, with precision and accuracy, with 95% level of confidence, I will certainly punish you!" (Analytical chemistry is VERY concerned with accuracy and precision). Her attacks are Sodium Hydroxide Pellet Spray (Shabon Spray), Song Warble Precipitation (Mercury Aqua Rhapsody), and Liquid Nitrogen Blast (Shine Aqua Illusion). Shabon spray is also interpreted as Soap Bubble Spray and chemists know that one way to synthesize soap is by combining vegetable oil with sodium hydroxide, which may come in pellets. Warble connotes a musical attack, like rhapsody, and precipitation can also mean rain or snow or sleet or even hail (anything coming out of the sky that's partly water can fall under that word...with me so far?) and liquid nitrogen will instantly freeze anything, like Shine Aqua Illusion.

Rhea Firestone
The third Senshi, Rhea Firestone is the equivalent of Sailor Mars (obviously...) Rhea Firestone = Rei Hino (Spirit of Fire), and is the Senshi of Biochemistry, Sailor Mist. She uses the phrase Coomassie Blue Eyeshadow Make-up to transform (Coomassie Blue is a dye used in Bradford Assays, which are assays used in biochemistry to determine protein concentrations in a given extract). Her pre-attack phrase is "In the name of Biochemistry, I will denature you!" (Denaturation is another biochemistry term that applies--to put it very simply--to the breakdown of the secondary structure of proteins). Her attacks are Sudan IV Burning Stain (Burning Mandala), GABA Inject (Flame Sniper) and Bunsen Burner Ignite (Fire Soul Bird). Sudan IV is an organic molecule (for non-chemists, think some more hexagonal doughnuts attached to each other plus some stuff hanging off the sides) used in some biochemistry tests which seems relatively harmless...until it comes in contact with water...in that case, it will eat through anything (well, maybe not anything, but clothes, definitely). GABA is a neurotransmitter which can kill you without a trace, and bunsen burners are, well, burners.

Treena Lightner
It just keeps getting easier, huh? Kino Makoto = Faithfulness of Wood, Senshi of Lightning, hence Treena Lightner. Get it? Tree-na, Light-ner? Treena is the fourth of the Senshi to appear, and she's the soldier of (drumroll, please...) electrochemistry! You guessed it! As Sailor Tri she screams Carbon Rod Black Mascara Make-up (carbon rod black is about as black as things can get and carbon rods are found in batteries, a source of -- that's right -- electricity...what a coincidence, huh?). After saying standard braggart fare like "In the name of Electrochemistry, I will electrolyse you!" (electrolysis is the separation of components of something by passing an electric current through the solution), she will treat you with these attacks: Electrode Shock (do I have to tell you what this means?) and Polypeptide Electrolysis (proteins are polypeptides, we are made of proteins, protein electrolysis breaks proteins apart...go figure).

So why do these four have such weird names? The answer? Chemistry!!! Put all four names together (Chem, Emi, Mist, and Tri) and say it really fast and slur some letters together....You're supposed to get it by then!

Miranda Hart
Mira = Mina, Hart = Love. Put simply, Miranda Hart is the chemist version of Aino Minako. Minako was known once as Sailor V and Miranda Hart was known as Sailor Phy, Senshi of Physical Chemistry. Since she's blonde, she shouts Ferric Nitrate Yellow Highlights, Make-up! Ferric Nitrate was chosen simply because it was yellow. Physical chemistry focuses a lot on thermodynamics, so Miranda's attacks include Fischer Thermometer Beam (equivalent to Crescent Beam), Alcohol Thermometer Shower (Crescent Beam Shower) Rubber Tubing Chain (duh...), and PhyChem Exothermic Shock (which is essentially an exploding kiss blown the villain's way). Of course, before anything else, she threatens her enemies with "In the name of Physical Chemistry, I shall regress you into a straight line!" This is very appropriate since physical chemistry involves a lot of graphs that are interpreted through linear regression.

Daniel Armors
Darien Shields in the DIC version probably got his name from the meaning of Mamoru's name (Mamoru Chiba = Earth Protector). But shields don't offer much in the way of protection, so I decided to move one step up by naming my guy Armors (so it's not brilliant...got any better ideas?). In the anime, Mamoru goes around as Tuxedo Kamen, or Tuxedo Mask. In chemistry, there is also a costume required: Lab gowns and goggles...hence, we now have Lab-Gown Goggles, hero of the oppressed and the pretty. Since Mamo-chan is the Earth Protector, I decided that Daniel should be the Senshi of Environmental Chemistry. In place of roses, he uses droppers and pipettes, and in place of a cane, he uses a burette. He also has two equivalents to the Tuxedo Smoke Bomb: Lab-Gown Butyric Acid Bomb (believe me, if I were a smart villain, I'd run immediately...butyric acid stinks like h*ll. Classes in the chemistry building at my university got suspended once because of its pervasive stench) and the Ozone Bomb, which is even worse because not only does it stink, it can kill you as well. He does not have a standard intro speech like the other senshi and he doesn't have the anime version of Tuxie's tendency to spew long, windy speeches. However, as Daniel, he still annoys Serine and calls her Fishball-Head!

Nerina Cheval
Now we come to the first of the "Outers". Nerina is analogous to Michiru and she's the Senshi of Inorganic Chemistry (my least favorite kind of chemistry). Her name is very difficult to explain. Kai'ou Michiru is the Senshi of water, right? And she has the mirror Talisman. The last name is easier to explain, given these facts about Michiru. Cheval is simply a synonym of sorts of 'mirror.' The first name, however is more difficult. Looking through the dictionary, I decided to name my character after water-dwelling humans. However, Mermaid would be too silly a name, so I looked harder and remembered Nereids (water-nymphs from Greek mythology). It still didn't sound quite right, though. Then Nerina came to me and it sounded just fine. It sounds good, but I can't take full credit for it because Nerina is a name I ripped off David Eddings' books (yeah, well...imagination has its limits). Anyway, her henshin phrase is "Metallic Silver Eyeliner, Make-up!" and her standard speech is "In the name of inorganic chemistry, I will reduce you!" since a lot of the simpler inorganic reactions occur via redox (or reduction-oxidation...for non-chemists, don't bother about it. It's just a kind of chemical reaction). Her powers include Deionized Water Submerge (a lot like Deep Submerge, except while Neptune probably uses seawater, she uses water without anything dissolved in it at all...I guess it's some comfort that her enemies may die, but at least they'll die in extremely clean water) and Perchloric Acid Tide (like Submarine Violin Tide...I said earlier that Hydrochloric Acid hurts...well Perchloric acid will probably burn a hole in you).

Asher Welkin
Asher sounds a lot like azure, and azure is a shade of blue that is often used to describe welkin, which is simply another word for sky or heavens. So Asher's name basically means 'blue sky.' She's named as such because she's the counterpart of Haruka or Sailor Uranus, the Senshi of the Heavens, and she's the Senshi of Geochemistry (because of Haruka's World Shaking attack...a stretch, granted, but it's my story and I can make all the stretches I want). She says Pale Manganese Dioxide Brown Foundation Make-up to transform (manganese dioxide is actually not something you'd want on your face because it's browner than dirt) and tries to scare all enemies away by first yelling "In the name of geochemistry, I will erode you!" (I don't need to explain that!), and her powers include Centrifuge Spinning and Streak Plate Slash (Space Sword Blaster... a streak plate is a geologist's tool used in determining what color a mineral is).

Aldara Evans
She's the counterpart of Sailor Pluto and she's the Senshi of Organic Chemistry. I think I got her first name by thinking about organic compounds and remembered aldaric acids and aldonic acids (which we were studying at the time) and from there got to Aldara. Evans, again, is a stretch. Since a part of Setsuna's name means instant or moment or something like that, I thought I'd put in something that amounts to the same thing and came up with evanescent (which means transient or temporary or lasts only for a moment). Since it would make a ridiculous name, I shortened it to Evans. Her henshin phrase is "Millon-Nasse Positive Blush On, Make-up!" (Millon-Nasse is used in testing tissue samples and a positive result is signified by a rose-colored solution) and she likes to say as preamble "In the name of organic chemistry, I will reflux you!" (which is really just nonsense because refluxing never hurt anyone...except for people who make the mistake of touching the condenser...the memory still hurts). Her attacks are Oil Scald (Dead Scream) and Fume Hood Close (Dark Dome Close). In the former, she douses her opponents with burning-hot oil and in the latter, she entraps them in a large fume hood (trust me, you DON'T want to be trapped in a fumehood--not even for a millisecond--unless you can hold your breath for eternity).

Azrael Sparks
I guess it's pretty obvious who she's analogous to... How I came up with her name is also rather simple. In the series, Sailor Saturn is the Senshi of Silence, i.e. death. The angel of death is called Azrael, hence the first name. Sparks is derived from Tomoe Hotaru's name which means 'earth firefly.' Fireflies sparkle in the dark. Get it? Unlike the other Senshi, she doesn't have a cute make-up phrase (like Saturn early in the anime) but she does have a totally cool intro speech. It goes something like "In the name of Nuclear Chemistry, I will bombard you!" Since radiation and nuclear weapons can cause massive worldwide destruction, it is rather fitting for her to be Saturn's counterpart. Her powers are Silent Nucleus Splice (Silence Glaive Surprise) and Death Uranium Radiation (Death Reborn Revolution). Neat, huh?

Aside from the regular Senshi are the Math Lights (StarLights) but I won't go through them in detail (unless someone wants to know about them).

So there you have it. If there are any more questions, just ask!!!

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